V. A. Grigoryan, I. F. Kobylkin, V. M. Marinin, I. A. Bespalov
Ballistic Performance of Textile Armor Treated with Shear Thickening Fluid

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In the systematized form a number of problems is discussed related to ballistic resistance of textile armor impregnated with shear thickening fluid (STF); as STF high-concentrated suspensions of sub-micron particles and nano-particles were used. Physical models of high-speed interaction of bullets and fragments with STF-impregnated textile armor are presented; where possible quantitative relationship and computational techniques for the “liquid armor” ballistic properties evaluation are described.
Based on notions of different mechanisms of the impactor energy absorption by textile armor packs under high-speed and low-speed interaction the conclusion was made about the highest efficiency of STF-impregnated textile armor when used against such threats as spike and as a back layer of combined fragmentation- and bullet-resistant textile armor packages

A. Bartczak, K. Fortuniak, E. Maklewska, E. Obersztyn, M. Olejnik, G. Redlich
Camouflage as the Additional Form of Protection during Special Operations

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Despite the increasing dominance of electronic detection devices, one of the most efficient ways to ensure safety and protection of people and equipment are activities associated with camouflage aimed at hiding these „objects” from the sight and the equipment of the opponent.
The paper presents a definition of camouflage and its types. It also discusses the requirements for various groups of camouflaging products gathered on the basis of the applicable standards in force and other regulations in this regard. The paper contains examples of state-of-the-art solutions for multidimensional products, which ensure camouflage against detection devices within the range of visibility, near infrared, thermal and radiolocation. It also presents the newest achievements in the field of camouflage patterns, as well as methods of attaining camouflage effects applied by global manufacturers of military products.

Ye. F. Kharchenko, V. A. Aniskovich, I. S. Gavrikov
Assault High Protection Level Armor Helmets Based on Ceramics and Organic Fiber-Reinforced Composites

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V. A. Grigoryan, A. P. Antipov, A. V. Potapov, A. I. Egorov
Improvement of Soldier Survivability by Signature Management

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R&D in the field of ballistic protection of an individual soldier have led to creation of personal protection equipment. Modern body armor allows substantial reduction of personnel losses from small arms.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to ensure complete protection of the soldier by only those technical solutions which reduce threat penetration into the body armor, since the power of weapons is constantly increasing and non-lethal ammunition has appeared; but the acceptable weight of body armor is limited.
The paper presents the results of development of such components of soldier’s equipment which improve his protection by reducing his signature for visual, night vision, thermal and radar reconnaissance.

W. Blaszczyk, M. Fejdys, M. Landwijt
Composite Ballistic Shields

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Institute of Security Technology “MORATEX”, as a unit subordinated to the Polish Ministry of Interior and Administration, carries on the works related to developing of products that provide security to the Ministry Services, such as Police, Border Guard, Government Protection Bureau and Fire Brigades.
One of such products is composite ballistic shield – the equipment dedicated for direct protection of health and life of the officers taking part in operational actions.
The presentation will present the ballistic shields designs from worldwide manufacturers. The design assumptions for the ballistic shield have been prepared in „MORATEX” Institute within the frame of research project “Modern ballistic body armours and covers for transportation means as well as for buildings made on a basis of textile composites”.
The aspects of: ballistic shield design, ballistic resistance levels, methods of their assaying, screening of materials for designing of the ballistic jacket and the additional equipment parts shall be discussed. The presentation will present important parameters of manufacturing the fibrous composites – a material particularly preferred for applications in making-up.
Keywords: ballistic shields, fibrous composites, ballistic tests

A. Wisniewski, L. Tomaszewski
Computer Simulation of AP Projectile Penetration into RHA

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The process of penetration of B-32 type 12.7 mm armour piercing bullet into one-layered and two-layered of 20 mm thickness RHA armour, is presented. Analysis was carried out with AUTODYN 5 programme and with the use of the SPH method. Projectile and armour strains occurring in the subsequent time period for seven variants with different material parameters of projectile and dimensions of armour, are shown. The influence of different material parameters of the projectile on its capability of armour penetration is presented here. It was proved that two times higher yield stress of projectile material causes almost three-fold improvement of depth of penetration and the bulging of the armour. In its initial phase of the projectile penetration into armour (0÷0.04 ms) the kinetic energy of the projectile rises together with the decrease of yield stress of its material. Computer simulation showed that capability of protection of one-layered RHA armour is higher than in case of two-layered RHA armour.

Ye. F. Kharchenko, I. A. Kurmashova, Ye. A. Solovyova
Development and Study of Laminated Aluminum-Ceramic Armor Materials

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B. M. Makhov, A. A. Artsruni, S. A. Gladyshev, L. A. Tsurgozen, V. P. Yankov
Main Structural Armor Component - Metal - from the Point of View of Latest Scientific Concepts

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The paper presents general characteristics of the main title metals of iron, titanium and aluminium alloying systems. The nature of their comparative metal characteristics is shown against the background of latest concepts of the periodic system of elements. Examples of particular cases of using the above metals in armored vehicle hulls and body armor are provided.

A. L. Gavze, E. N. Petrova, S. Y. Chusov, V. P. Yankov
Investigation of Properties of Titanium Alloys with Mechanically Stable Beta-Structure for Body Armor Application

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The paper presents the results of investigation of mechanical properties of titanium alloys with meta-stable beta-structure under static and dynamic loading after different thermal treatment modes. The thermal treatment modes were selected which ensure optimal combination of the toughness and strength characteristics of the material. The technological characteristics of sheet alloy semis and their armor resistance were estimated.
The obtained results show that the investigated alloys can be considered as the promising materials for application in those body armor components which are produced by cold sheet stamping.

V. A. Grigoryan, I. F. Kobylkin, I. A. Bespalov
Comparative Evaluation of Ballistic Resistance of Textile Armor Packages Against Steel and Lead Bullets

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The paper contains physical models of high-speed interaction of non-deformable and deformable impactors with textile armor. The effect of the impactor deformability and of the method of the armor pack fixation on its ballistic characteristics is analyzed. Computational techniques are described for evaluation of textile armor ballistic resistance against steel- and leadcore bullets; quantitative dependences for evaluation of different grades of Russian armor textiles for different ways of fixation are presented.

A. I. Egorov, V. M. Kuznetsov, S. M. Logatkin, V. A. Khromushin
Investigation of Anti-Ricochet Properties of Body Armor with Steel Armor Panels

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The paper describes the ballistic experiment on counter- ricochet structures of armor vests with steel panels of protection levels 2, 3 and 5. A method of experimental evaluation of ballistic characteristics of such counter-ricochet structures was developed with substantiation of the target conditions. As a result of experimental ballistic and medical/biological research the parameters of witness plates were determined and justified. In the experimental research ballistic resistance of commercially-available vest counter-ricochet structures was investigated by methods of energy consumption and V50 evaluation.
Special technical requirements were worked-out for counter-ricochet structures of bulletproof vests with steel panels.

M. H. Struszczyk
Risk Analysis in Designing of Body Armour

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Risk analysis is helpful tools in design of body armor, such as: bullet, fragments proof vests. The proper design process requires the knowledge for all aspects connected with construction, selection of raw-materials, consumer needs as well as the performance and safety during the use and storage.
The paper will be present the application of risk analysis in designing of modern contractions of body armors. Several aspects should be taken into account for best performance and safety of body armors. The hazards resulted from technological process, selection of raw materials, comfort-ability, the lost of performance and safety during the standard use and storage will be presented and evaluated.

Ye. F. Kharchenko, A. F. Yermolenko
On Non-Stationary Energy Absorption when Interacting High-Speed Striker with Textile Armor Materials

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Ye. F. Kharchenko, V. A. Aniskovich, D. Yu. Kurmashova
Study of Wear Resistance of Aramid Fabrics with Various Textile Structures

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H. Meulman
Lightweight High Performance Vests and Inserts with Dyneema® UD

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For many years Dyneema fabric and Dyneema Uni-Directional composite are used in personal and vehicle armour. Dyneema Uni-Directional composite has proven to be very effective against small arms ammunition, both in soft and hard armour.
Vest and inserts with Dyneema® UD has the lowest weight, leading to a high comfort feeling of the user. In this presentation the newest technology developments will be presented on body armour, based on Dyneema® UD. Not only ballistic resistance will be addressed, showing the light concepts, also other properties like fire resistance will be presented.

E. Solinska, J. Wawrzyniak
Assessment of Compliance of Products Serving the Purposes of the National Security

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The paper presents principles of assessment of compliance to be observed by the suppliers of products serving the purposes of the national security and ordered by organisational units subject to or supervised by the competent minister of interior, arising from the act of November 17th, 2006. The authors also discussed the certification procedures and reference documents applied in the certification process carried out by the Product Certification Department (ZCW) of ITB MORATEX, a body accredited by the Ministry of Interior and Administration (MSWiA) in respect of OIB.

G. Grabowska, J. Blaszczyk, I. Kucinska
Resistance to Bullets, Knives, Stabs and Needles According to Current Standards, Procedures and Users’ Expectations

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The paper presents the testing results analysis of the bullet-, knife-, stab- and needle-proofness in the aspect of material applied into the inserts for the body armour, manufactured according to the needs of Police officers as well as an individual orders.
The PN-V-87000:1999 Polish Standard does not include the stab resistance tests. Therefore the following documents have been used as the basis of this type of tests:

• NIJ 0115.00 US Standard;
• PBB-08 test procedure of the MORATEX Institute – “Stab resistance of personal body armour”, comparable with the NIJ 0115.00 Standard;
• PBB-06 test procedure of the MORATEX Institute – “Samples’ resistance against military knife type 92” developed on a basis of the Standard Body Armour – Part 2: Stab resistant vests (ISO/DIS 14876-2:1996).

• the projectile impact energy;
• the depth of projectile penetration for the samples of protective inserts for the tests used.

J. Polak, I. Kucinska, G. Grabowska, J. Blaszczyk, E. Ledwon, R. Romek, M. H. Struszczyk
Bullet – Proof Vests with the Ballistic Inserts Based on the Fibrous Composites

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Several design solutions of bullet-proof vests featuring improved ballistic resistance within area of hard inserts based on fibrous composites, recently developed by the „MORATEX” Institute were presented. They are mainly dedicated for the officers of services subordinated to the Ministry of Interior and Administration. They consider latest world-wide trends of developing, regarding started works within the development PO IG (Innovative Economy National Cohesion Strategy) project No.01.03.01-10-005/08 “Modern ballistic body armours and covers for transportation means as well as for buildings made on a basis of textile composites”. The composite insert for the vests and some vest designs are one of product groups being developed within the project.
Their modern designs were presented and discussed, along with the results of metrological tests of physical and mechanical parameters of materials as well as the ballistic tests results. The initial presumptions for developing Polish inserts based on the fibrous composites were stated.

A. Derewonko, P. Szurgott, T. Niezgoda
Modeling of the Shock Wave Impact on the Flexible Shell

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An underwater explosion is one of the possible threat which can occure during military operations and/or civilian usage. The ballistic protection systems are the method to reduce the impact of the high explosive (HE) charge blast wave. The aim of this paper is to present the influence of the shock wave on the flexible shell. The simulation of the underwater detonation is provided with use of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The influence of the distance between the HE charge and the flexible shell on its deformation was estimated. The results of the conducted analysis including explosion were compared with those obtained for the basic model with no explosion.

W. Barnat, T. Niezgoda, P. Szurgott, R. Panowicz
Numerical Analysis of the Composite-Foam Panels Applied to Protect Pipelines Against the Blast Wave

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